LA INMUNO-ONCOLOGÍA: NUEVO PARADIGMA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CÁNCER
La Inmuno-oncología consiste en comprender el desarrollo, así como la utilización de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que aprovechen el sistema inmune del propio paciente para combatir el cáncer, distintos a los relacionados con la cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia blanco que impactan sobre el tumor. El objetivo es inclinar el balance en favor de la inmunidad, llevar a la erradicación del tumor o proveer la supresión por largo tiempo del crecimiento tumoral, proporcionando una buena calidad de vida para los pacientes. Por lo tanto, tiene el potencial de volverse una modalidad nueva e innovadora sobre los cuales construir nuevas estrategias de tratamiento contra el cáncer. Se resume la evidencia clínica disponible con respecto al desarrollo de anticuerpos monoclonales que inhiben PD-1, PD-L1 y CTLA-4, así como en base a qué parámetros obtuvieron su aprobación por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) y en qué tumores. Demostrándose dramáticas respuestas y beneficios clínicos de anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos aprobados por la FDA como pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, en base a tasa de respuesta, supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia global. En cáncer renal, pulmón, de cabeza y cuello, urotelial, linfoma Hodgkin, melanoma y tumores con inestabilidad microsatelital alta incluyendo el edenocarcinoma de la unión gastroesofágica.
LA INMUNO-ONCOLOGÍA: NUEVO PARADIGMA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CÁNCER
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DOI: 10.37572/EdArt_2808226069
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Palavras-chave: cáncer, inmunoterapia, anticuerpos, monoclonales, inhibidores del punto de control.
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Keywords: Immuno-oncology consists in understanding the development, as well as the use of new therapeutic strategies that take advantage of the patient's own immune system to fight cancer, different from those related to surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and white therapy that impact on the tumor. The objective is to tilt the balance in favor of immunity, in order to eradicate the tumor, or to provoke long-term suppression of tumor growth, providing a good quality of life for patients. Therefore, it has the potential to become a new and innovative modality on which to build new cancer treatment strategies. We provide a summary of the clinical evidence available regarding the development of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, and of the parameters which led to the approval of the treatment by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the tumors listed. There have been dramatic clinical responses to and benefits of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, based on response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. This has been demonstrated for kidney, lung, head and neck cancer, urothelial, Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and tumors with high microsatellite instability including edenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
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Abstract:
Immuno-oncology consists in understanding the development, as well as the use of new therapeutic strategies that take advantage of the patient's own immune system to fight cancer, different from those related to surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and white therapy that impact on the tumor. The objective is to tilt the balance in favor of immunity, in order to eradicate the tumor, or to provoke long-term suppression of tumor growth, providing a good quality of life for patients. Therefore, it has the potential to become a new and innovative modality on which to build new cancer treatment strategies. We provide a summary of the clinical evidence available regarding the development of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, and of the parameters which led to the approval of the treatment by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the tumors listed. There have been dramatic clinical responses to and benefits of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, based on response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. This has been demonstrated for kidney, lung, head and neck cancer, urothelial, Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and tumors with high microsatellite instability including edenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
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Número de páginas: 22
- JORGE MARCELO MAITA SUPLIGUICHA